The Violence And Human Violence - 1371 Words

20th century is the most educated century but also the most violent over the history of mankind. The lethal violence has been increasing over the course of mammal evolution. The aggression in mammals, that includes humans, also has a genetic component with high heritability. So it is widely admitted that evolution has shaped human violence. And this violence is not among different species, it is among the same species. Of all the world species, humans and chimpanzees are some the only species that engage themselves in coordinated attacks on the other members of the same species. We, humans, are not the only ones that are involved in the homicides, massacres, terrorism, and human violence. Like humans, chimpanzees also engage in rape, murders, and violence. The patterns of violence that is found among the humans are compared and contrasted with the great ape species. Whether it is for food/resource sharing, dominance structure, territory or the male competition for sexual access to fe males. Both human and chimpanzee want to prove their status what becomes a reason for a great number of wars and aggressiveness (Wrangham and Peterson, 1996). What are the similarities between the chimpanzees and the humans that are certainly not true of all animals? What gives our own species such violent males? As humans are genetically related to the Great Apes, my focus of this paper would be tracking the evolutionary history of violence in the Apes and how it originated in the humans laterShow MoreRelatedThe Human Nature Of Violence Essay2582 Words   |  11 Pagesshown that violence has been on the decline since the end of the last world war. This is due to the four trends, the Long Peace, The New Peace, The Right’s Revolutions, and our Inner Demons, that have led to an overall decrease in warfare, genocide, and terrorism. Along with cited studies and my own research, I will be examining and discussing the human nature of violence, and by contrast, our natural tendencies towards sympathy, empathy and how the decline of violence will affect the human race inRead MoreThe Violence Of Being Human2801 Words   |  12 PagesKaitly n McKenzie The Violence of Being Human Essay #2 6/24/15 A picture’s worth 1,000 words Does a picture say more than a video? A writer both gains and loses leverage over the message of feeling he or she is trying to convey. Most humans would argue different things. Some would say they conceive more from a picture because of their ability to use their imagination and challenge themselves to a greater level. Others would argue that they appreciate more from a video because they are left withoutRead MoreHuman Rights And Gender Violence1000 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Rights and Gender Violence: Translating International Law into Local Justice by Sally Eagle Merry observes and scrutinizes the burden between global law and local injustices. She argues that human rights law must be embedded in a local society in order to be recognized as influential social constructs. She then specifically speaks of gender violence and how this injustice is ingrained through cultural and religious traditions, and transformations are usually resisted within a culture throughRead MoreEssay abo ut Human Violence559 Words   |  3 PagesHuman Violence There are many positive and negative aspects and moral consequences of labeling human violence as a biological behavior. This idea has been debated and supported or rejected by Sigmund Freud, Conrad Lorenz, and other noted anthropologists. Some of these philosophers believe that human violence is part of human makeup. In other words, they feel that people are born with these instincts. Other philosophers believe that violence is a learned trait. Through different studiesRead MoreAnimal Cruelty and Human Violence2076 Words   |  9 PagesAnimal Cruelty and Human Violence Too often we hear boys will boys or its just a dumb animal but cruelty to animals, more specifically the torturing of animals, is far from just an innocent and careless incident; its a sign of something far more serious. In fact, some of Americas most notorious serial killers had a history of cruelty to animals in their childhood. Children who engage in animal cruelty are more likely to commit more violent acts as adults. There is also a strong link betweenRead MoreThe Extreme Forms Of Human Violence1515 Words   |  7 Pages As one of the most extreme forms of human violence, torture has many long-term detrimental physical and mental health consequences. For those who have endured torture, a potential negative outcome of their experience can include the psychologists’ undermined role and legitimacy as a mental health professional (Olson Soldz, 2007). Following periods of torture-based interrogations, survivors inexorably harbor distrust for psychologists. In the future, this could prevent them from seeking treatmentRead MoreDomestic Violence Is A Violation Of Human Rights1609 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence or family violence is defined as the behaviour that occurs in a familial relationship that is violent, threatening, controlling, or causes a victim to live in fear. (The Commonwealth Family Law Act 1975 provides a similar definition). As well as being a complex social problem domestic violence is a crime. Victims are most often women, and whilst men can also fall victim, they are most often the perpetrators. Ultimately domestic violence is a violation of human rights, denying victimsRead MoreGender Based Violence Is An Violation Of Human Rights962 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"UNPF (2005) contends violence against women as an extreme violation of human rights which results in harm and suffering. The United Nations 1993 definition of â€Å"Gender-based Violence is, â€Å"Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivations of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life† (IRIN, 2015) This issue once believed to be tabooRead MoreSexuality And Violence : An Integral Part Of Human Nature1250 Words   |  5 PagesSexuality and violence is an integral part of human nature that is distinct yet at the same time linked in many ways to each other. In nature, the majority of alpha males have dominance over the female counterpart whether it is in their daily lives or sexual interactions. To some extent, it is similar in human beings, where power, aggression and authority may force the weak to be subjects of their abuse. Without the protection of law and order, as seen in past human societies, immoral and unethicalRead MoreHuman Aggression And Violence : Causes, Manifestations And Consequences859 Words   |  4 Pages Human Aggression and Violence: Causes, Manifestations and Consequences. Name Institutional affiliation According to Barlett and Anderson (2012), personality variables can be used as predictors of aggressive behavior. They argue that personality traits such as narcissism and impulsivity are related to aggressive behavior. They identify the big five personality factors as the principal model of personality. The big five personality traits are openness, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness

Argonatica Free Essays

The epic poem highlights the hero Jason, and his quest for the Golden Fleece. According to the myth, Jason and fifty other renowned members of Greece set out for the fleece so that Jason could earn back his father’s kingdom. Jason is a particularly interesting hero because he often displays qualities of an efficient leader. We will write a custom essay sample on Argonatica or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is distinct compared to other heroes, such as Hercules, who are better known as warriors rather than leaders. Apollonius’ epic would lay the groundwork for the works of Gaius Valerius Flaccus and Virgil. The Golden Fleece was the item which Jason, with the help of the Argonauts, was forced to retrieve. The origin of the Golden Fleece begins with Phrixus and Helle, the children of Athamus, and the goddess Nephele. When Athamas remarried, the children’s stepmother, Ino, became Jealous of them and plotted to get rid of Phrixus and his sister. Ino persuaded two messengers to say that that the oracle required the sacrifice of Phrixus to restore ertility to the fields. Before Phrixus could be sacrificed, however, Nephele sent a golden ram which carried both children off through the air. Helle fell into the Hellespont, but Phrixus arrived safely at Colchis, where he married the daughter of King Aeetes. Phrixus sacrificed the ram to Zeus, and gave its pelt (the Golden Fleece) to Aeetes. Aeetes placed the fleece in an oak tree, where it remained. Then Jason’s Father Aeson, was driven from power and killed by his brother Pelias. Jason death is aked and the child is sent away to be taught by the centaur Chiron. Jason returns later to reclaim his throne. However, an oracle warns Pelias that he will die at the hands of one of his relatives and that he should be wary of a man wearing only one sandal. Pelias informs Jason that he would give up his throne if Jason would set out and retrieve the Golden Fleece. The Argonautica begins as Jason is assembling a crew for the Argo. The Argo was the boat which was built by Argos for the Journey. It was slightly larger than most ships at the time. In many ways the author Apollonius does not highlight the true heroism of Jason. Jason, through the author’s description, does not appear as heroic as he really was. The definition of a Greek tragic hero is a man who is neither a pure man nor one who receives his fate as a result of his wickedness, but because of some mistake. From this it can be derived that the tragic hero must be both mortal, and human, and one who receives his fate as a result of error rather than as retribution. In both these instances Jason is a tragic hero ecause he is neither a perfect man nor a terrible man and he dies as a result of mortal mistakes as opposed to retribution. In the case of Jason, his tragic flaw is being too dependent on others. Jason tragic end begins as a result of Medea, who kills Pelias and forces Jason to flee his father’s former kingdom after the Journey. Medea then kills Jason’s sons and flees after Jason married another woman. Apollonius does not mention this part of the myth in his epic. In this way the true entirety of the definition is not fulfilled by the epic. Argonatica By Ibeaulieu How to cite Argonatica, Papers

Critical Discussion- Criminology should factory farming be criminalise

Question: Discuss about theCriminology Should Factory Farming be Criminalised for a Critical Discussion. Answer: Introduction Non-human animal welfare, environmental protection and economic interests clash in a myriad of ways. Across the world, agriculture plays a significant role in providing jobs and income to a wider population. However, this same agricultural industry has the potential of harming and damaging the environment together with severe suffering of livestock (domestic animals). Given this understanding, various academic disciplines have ventured into trying to address this issue in many different ways, but criminology in many ways has lagged behind in animal welfare as well as agricultural concerns until a few years ago. This essay provides an oversight that must be rectify the harm and probably criminalise such inhumane acts thus exploring these activities are evidently discussed in here. In relation to factory farming, negative consequences to the environment as well as abuse of non-human animals are increasingly evident and pronounced due to the increasing factory farming operations. Despit e animal farming raises major issues in relation to livestock welfare and consumption, factory farming creates other additional ethical concerns that arise from the welfare of livestock in factory farming as well as the welfare of people and environment in proximity to the factory farm. In this context, factory farming despite the myriad benefits that come with it, this form of farming has major impacts on the environment as well as animals that are confined indoors for commercial benefits. Given this scenario, this essay expansively discusses why rethinking about criminal law is critical while exploring different avenue through which factory farming should be criminalized. In order to achieve the objective of this essay, different factory farming forms will be explored and critically evaluated. A factory farm is a farm where livestock farming or crop farming is practiced on large-scale; thousands of animals are industrially housed and reared for commercial food purposes. These animals may include pigs, turkeys, cows and chicken which are treated with hormones together with antibiotics in order to enhance and maximise their growth and food productivity. Despite the extensive investigations by bioethicists together with non-human welfare advocates about livestock rearing, criminologists have not been loud (Wyatt, 2014). Given the fact that criminology is vital in shaping and creating definition of harm, which may eventually result into the development of criminal statutes and regulations, the field has been silent. Critiques of factory farming argue that, industrialised farming is one of the worst crimes in history (Harari, 2015); the fate of non-human animals that are industrially farmed is amongst the most heinous ethical questions of the current times. For instance, millio ns to billions of sentient reared animals with complex emotions and sensations live only to die on the production line (Harari, 2015). Non-human animal abuse is strongly related to factory animal farming. Taking the context of pig farming in the UK will ultimately provide a clear picture and a useful context as to how non-human animals are unethically treated and abused. According to Defra (2011), in the UK Pigs in terms of sales are third as opposed to cattle and poultry which take the first and second position respectively. In the UK, it is approximated that more than 10 million pigs are slaughtered annually (RSPCA, 2013), and more than 400,000 are kept as breeding stock. Defra (2011) identified that despite the overall pig population declining in the UK, pig profitability has been on the rise. Since time immemorial, the UK has maintained an excellent pig farming industry earning huge returns from pig meat. Abuse of pigs during factory pig farming is a pervasive and continual basis but still anchored in the legal sphere. For this reason, environmental justice advocates questions how these harmful practices are allowed to escalate. According to Viva (2008) pig factory farming begins from dark metal barns filled with straw with fully or partially grated floors. Straws are mainly considered to be sanitary and help in reducing the number of injuries while also allowing piglets to play. Grating is done to ensure that manure falls to the floor beneath the enclosures which is then washed to a waste lagoon or slurry pond for storage. Viva (2008) also observed that piglets are born in birth-crates. After birth, piglets introduced to selective breeding which is advanced by genetics, enhanced nutrition as well as improved barns; this increases the survivability of piglets (Eckblad, 2011). In pig factory farming, incisor teeth are snipped from piglets within the first 24 hours after birth as a caut ionary measure to protect other piglets from harm. Furthermore, tail docking or tail clipping is also done to prevent piglets from biting each others tail when in contact with one another (UK Agriculture, 2011). The issue pigs harming others raise more questions than answers. In a natural habitat of wild and feral pigs, these animals co-habits and their behaviour is non cannibal; factory farming in this regard creates a more stressful environment that pigs are unable to cope up with. The natural behaviours of pigs are suppressed within factory farming context. Furthermore, piglets in factory farming are only nursed for just one week after which the sow returns to the common housing area (Miewald et al., 2015). The piglets are left alone and bundled together. They are exposed to a wide range of life threatening conditions. The weak ones die and left to rot inside piglet units while the sows are imprisoned in metal cages little bigger than their bodies; while others are kept in barren concrete pens without beddings. In essence, a closer investigation to the entire pig factory farming brings to light the inhumane conditions that non-human animals are exposed to. Viva (2008) also exposes worrying states of large-scale pig farms which are composed of filth, overcrowding, dead and dying animals with massive neglect. Consequently, Vivas research shows that welfare checks and routine monitoring of factory farmed pigs are infrequent given the piglet carcasses that are left to decompose in the birthing crates while their siblings continue nursing. Many are time where tens to hundreds of piglet carcasses are cleared from the floor and their carcasses incinerated (Viva, 2008). Through Vivas investigation there is no any single point where government regulations as well as agencies called upon to come to the plight of these animals. Factory farming has always been undertaken under a self-regulatory system thus factory farmers have done what they needed to do to increase their revenues without taking into considerations of the plight of the animals (Van Uhm, 2015). From a criminological point of view, the above discussed conditions constitutes harm and suffering and therefore substantive enough for addressing them in terms of regulation and research. In the event that non-human animals welfare cannot be guaranteed through official regulatory of self-regulatory schemes, criminalisation of this kind of animal abuse should be considered to warrant the safety, health and well-being of factory farmed animals (Guenther, 2013). UK Agriculture (2011) also observed that after weaning the survived piglets, they are loose housed together with adult sows. From a historical perspective, the weaned piglets in factory farming were kept in sow stalls where they could not turn around; the UK law has permitted that weaned piglets should be loose housed in a larger communal space. Despite the UK government trying to address the wanting conditions of keeping weaned piglets in small sow stalls where they couldnt turn, factory pig farmers complain that the legislation is a major source to their struggles and suffering due to additional costs of housing sows in this manner. Furthermore, farmers claim that the new regulation has made them to be less competitive in the larger European markets where the new pig welfare regulation has not yet been implemented (UK Agriculture, 2011). Male piglets on the other hand, are fattened at an exponential rate in order to meet the needs of the meat market. In the US for instance, the use of growth hormones is liberally allowed in order to maximise weight gain; however, in the UK and other European countries the use of hormones is legally prohibited (UK Agriculture, 2011). Similarly, factory pig farming in the US allows the use of antibiotics in pig feeds to help combat infections and diseases that are a common case in crowded, unhygienic barns that are composed of artificially grained-based diet (Ruhl, 2001) instead of the natural foraging that pigs engage in (Tylor, 2003). In addition, UK Agriculture (2011) also found out that the poor sanitation, poor ventilation; together with close quarters are a recipe for disease outbreaks, including foot and mouth, sudden acute respiratory syndrome, and swine flu. The laxity in using antibiotics among factory pig farmers is ethically unacceptable and inhumane to pigs and thus provid es ground for criminalization (AviBrisman Richmond, 2013). The sows as aforementioned are allowed to nurse their piglets for only one week; UK Agriculture (2011) found out that after the sow finishes nursing she is taken back to heat thus beginning the cycle again. Due to hormone treatments and the use of antibiotics, the sows as well as breeding males grow over-size making the natural breeding almost impossible. Following this revelation, Key and McBride (2007) established that large scale pig farms use artificial insemination to impregnate the sows, a practice that is increasingly becoming common and obvious across the world. Ponnette-Gonzalez and Fry (2012) found out that this procedure demands for securely immobilizing the sow for the artificial insemination to take place and also enables selective breeding which is significantly instrumental in increasing pig litters. Regardless of this procedure being commercially profitable to the factory pig farmers, it is not ethical and infringes on non-human animal welfare (Sorenson, 2009). In thi s essence, legal regulations should be developed to govern the manner in which artificial insemination is conducted in factory farming. At the age of 20 24 weeks male pigs are ready for slaughter because their weight is now between 60 and 100 kilograms (UK Agriculture, 2011). The specialised diet together with growth hormones helps pigs to gain massive weight within limited period of time. The weightier pigs are then taken to the abattoir. Regardless of the pigs capacity and known intelligence for pain, slaughter procedures take little or no consideration of emotional, psychological, and physical suffering inflicted on pigs during slaughter (Stevenson, 2001). Stevenson (2001) stated that pigs are killed using crude methods; the stun and stick procedure for instance, the pigs are either gaseously or electrically made unconscious and the blood vessels in their chests are slit. Electric or gaseous stun methods of slaughtering pigs are both inhumane given the fact that there is a possibility of the pig regaining its consciousness before or in the event that their blood vessels are cut, which causes severe pain (Stevenso n, 2001). Pigs may gain consciousness especially when tool little electric current is used or when the current is only provided for a short period of time or the stun was executed on the wrong side of the head. Similarly, consciousness can be gained if the interval between stunning is too long, or the failure to sever all the carotid arteries. Given this understanding, the procedure used for preparing pig meat should be criminalised; pigs should be treated with dignity (Aatola, 2012). Regulations should be created to ensure that when slaughtering pigs, they should not be exposed to immense psychological, emotional and physical pain. In conclusion, factory farming in spite of its high magnitude of profitability it should be regulated. The above essay has critically explored different avenues through which the plight of non-human animals is overlooked. Using factory pig farming the essay has expansively shown that in this type of farming animals are huddled together in confined together with little or no room to exercise their freedom. They are also kept under poor conditions, for example, piglets are only allowed to nurse for only one week after which they are weaned. Weak piglets are left to die while the strong ones are fattened with hormones and antibiotics to enhance food productivity to meet the market needs. In essence, from the beginning, non-human animal welfare is largely not taken into consideration and thus there is need to criminalise factory farming. References Beirne, P. (2004) From Animal Abuse to Interhuman Violence? A Critical Review of the Progression Thesis, Society and Animals. Volume 12, Number 1, pp. 39-65. Key, N. and McBride, W. (2007) The Changing Economics of U.S. Hog Production, ERR-52. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Lynch, M. and Stretesky, P. (2003) The Meaning of Green: Contrasting criminological perspectives, Theoretical Criminology. 7/2, pp. 217-238. Ponette-Gonzalez, A.G. and Fry, M. (2010) Pig Pandemic: Industrial hog farming in eastern Mexico, Land Use Policy. Vol 27, Number 4, pp. 1107-1110. Stevenson, P. (2001) Animal Welfare Problems in UK Slaughterhouses. Compassion in World Farming Trust. Online; Available at: https://www.ciwf.org.uk/includes/documents/cm_docs/2008/a/animal_welfare_problems_in_uk_slaughterhouses_2001.pdf Taylor, R. (2003) The Feral Hog in Texas, Texas Parks and Wildlife.Online; Available at: https://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/publications/pwdpubs/media/pwd_bk_w7000_0195.pdf UK Agriculture. (2011) Pig health, considerations and requirements in the UK. Online; Available at: https://www.ukagriculture.com/livestock/pig_health.cfm Vegetarians International Voice for Animals (Viva) (2011) Objectto the Foston Pig Prison. Online; Available at: https://www.viva.org.uk/campaigns/pigs/foston.htm Vegetarians International Voice for Animals (2008) The inconvenient truth about British pig farming. Online; Available at: https://www.viva.org.uk/mediareleases/display.php?articlepid=164 Guenther, L. (2013). Solitary confinement: Social death and its afterlives (p. 321). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Van Uhm, D. (2015). Towards Moral Principles Regarding Non-Human Animals: A Green Criminological Perspective. JAE Vervaele et al. Sorenson, J. (2009). Constructing terrorists: Propaganda about animal rights. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 2(2), 237-256. Wyatt, T. (2014). A Criminological Exploration of the Industrialisation of Pig Farming. Critical Perspectives on Green Criminology, 12. Aaltola, E. (2012). Differing philosophies: Criminalisation and the stop Huntingdon animal cruelty debate. Eco-global Crimes: Contemporary Problems and Future Challenges. Oxon, UK: Ashgate, 157-180. Avi Brisman, M. F. A., Richmond, K. Y. (2013). Civic contradictions and criminalization in the management of everyday life. Miewald, C., Hodgson, S., Ostry, A. (2015). Tracing the unintended consequences of food safety regulations for community food security and sustainability: small-scale meat processing in British Columbia. Local environment, 20(2), 237-255.

Romeo and Juliet- act 3 scene 1 Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet- act 3 scene 1 Paper Romeo and Juliet is a story written in the 15th century by William Shakespeare. It is a tragic love story set in Verona (Italy). The play is about two households, the Capulets and the Montagues. Romeo is one of the main characters in the play and he is the only son of Montagues. Another protagonist character is Juliet; she is the only daughter of the Capulets. These two households are undergoing a long feud we are told about the grudge in the prologue on line 3, From ancient grudge break to new mutiny Although we are told there is an ancient grudge we are not told how it started or what is it about. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet- act 3 scene 1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet- act 3 scene 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet- act 3 scene 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The play is started with a prologue, which is set out as a sonnet. The prologue is important because it gives us some useful information, it tells us the play is set in Verona. Shakespeare continues the play with a brawl in the market of Verona between the serving men from the two households. I think shake spear uses the brawl to start the play because it grips the audience attention, helps to raise the tension in play and keep the audience amused through out the play. The two protagonists Romeo and Juliet first meet in act 1 scene 3. To show that they are falling in love Shakespeare writes their speech as a sonnet to make it sound more romantic. Romeo and Juliet meet after Romeo gatecrashes the Capulets party. Juliet was told to married another man named Paris but Juliet said she was not yet ready. Although she says she s not yet ready she later marries Romeo. Shakespeare uses similies to show what Romeo feels towards Juliet. In act 2 scene 1 Romeo compares Juliet to the sun, stars and heavens, Romeo says The brightness of her cheeks would shame those stars (line 19 act 2 scene 1) Romeo and Juliet get married, they get married at the end of act 2 scence6, Friar Laurence is the person who marries them, he marries them because he thinks this will end the capulets and Montagues feud. After Romeo and Juliet get married, they leave the church and go their separate ways so no one finds out. The other chapters in the play include Benvolio and Mercutio both Romeos friends and Tybalt who is Juliets cousin and Romeos enemy. None of these characters are aware of Romeo and Juliets marriage. Act 1 scene 3 is the most important part of the play it is the pivot point of the play for a number of reasons that I will elaborate. Act 3 scene 1 begins with Mercutio, Benvolio and some other men who are being approached by Tybalt and his men who are looking for Romeo. This time Tybalt only asks where Romeo is. Mercutio taunts Tybalt, but Tybalt ignores his insult, because he is seeking Romeo. When Romeo arrives Tybalt insults him by saying Thou art a villain (line54) MOHAMMED AKHAZZAN Romeo ignores his insults and trys to make peace between them by saying Good Capulet, which name I tender as dearly as mine own, be satisfied (line 64-65) Mercutio who is beside them felt that Romeo is being a cowered and reacts badly by saying O calm, dishonourable, vile submission (line 66) Mercutio doesnt know that Romeo is refusing to fight because he is now married to Tybalts cousin Juliet. Mercutio is disgusted now at Romeos show of defeat and surrender so he challenges Tybalt him self. As they draw their swords Romeo comes between them and holds Mercutio back, Tybalt comes up and stabs Mercutio from between Romeos arms. Tybalt ran away after stabbing Mercutio because if he gets caught his life would pay the forfeit. Mercutio is hurt but still making jokes and puns Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man (line 89) The pun in this sentence is grave because he knows hes going to die, although he knows hes dying soon he still makes jokes this tells us that he is a joker and doesnt admit defeat easily. Before Mercutio dies he curses both of their houses A plague on both of your houses (line 97) After Mercutio dies Romeo goes looking for Tybalt. When he found him he killed him. Prince Escalus had earlier warned of any street fighting and if they ever disrupted the quite of their streets their life will pay the forfeit. Old Capulet, and Montague, Have thrice disturbed the quiet of our streets, And made Veronas ancient citizens Cast by their grave beseeming ornaments (act 1 scene 1) This tells us that the fights have being happing for a long time because the prince said thrice after the first fight we saw. Another aspect to consider is the character of Romeo, Mercutio and Benvolio. Romeo is a soft character on the play the loving person who is trying to make peace between the two families. He feels that his new-formed love for Juliet has changed him. Tybalt on the other hand is a proud person in an aggressive way who doesnt let any little thing pass away this is shown when he comes after Romeo the next day just because he gate crashed his uncles party. Mercutio is different from the other characters because he is not a Capulet or Montague family member; hes just a friend, he takes everything as a joke, he is also a very proud person who believes in preserving honour. Benvolio is very sensible although he quarrels a lot, he also anxious to keep the peace between the two houses I do but keep the peace (act 1 sense 1) Along side the development of the characters we should consider the time the play was written in, in the 15th century it was common to have cultural, suicidal historical context. MOHAMMED AKHAZZAN Shakespeare builds up the dramatic tension and dramatic irony by giving us hints from the prologue that something bad was going to happen. We (the audience) knew thing that the characters did not know for example we knew that the wedding has taken place but the other characters did not. This is another device used to build up the tension; Shakespeare enables the audience to feel more connected to the play. Shakespeare used many dramatic devices to keep the audience interested, because the play was preformed live on stage. Shakespeare had to find ways to show that it was dark. One-way Shakespeare reserved this was to give the characters torches as started in act 1 scene 4 line 11 Give me a torch Shakespeare uses fights in his play to keep audience interested and he uses puns to keep them amused. Act 3 scene 1 is a pivotal point in the play as it communicates a lot of negative things like the banishing of Romeo due to the fight never to see Juliet again this made the play very melancholy. Juliets father, lord Capulet also changed, he became very strict and demanded that Juliet gets married without asking his opinion on the matter. Juliet also changed; she was forced to choose between her family and her husband. When Juliet drank the poison to escape marrying Paris, Romeo thought she died so he killed him self and Juliet woke up, killed her self when she saw him dead, this caused the Montagues and the Capulets to end the feud between them. This play is very interesting and thoroughly enjoyable, Shakespeare made it very interesting with the pivot points and the dramatic irony.

The Effects of the Industrial Revolution Essays

The Effects of the Industrial Revolution Essays The Effects of the Industrial Revolution Essay The Effects of the Industrial Revolution Essay T The Industrial Revolution began in the eighteenth century marking the transformation of economic power and productivity. Not only was there concentration on agriculture, as their main source of an economy, and started to concern themselves with commerce, trade, and exploration of new technologies. Working toward great financial success to make a profit. Even though the machinery was new the main power source was human labor. Production took place in homes and small workshops. The primary labor force was drawn specifically to the young, as the industrial revolution began in semi-normal locations. The effects of the Industrial revolution were harsh on children, and it made people feel like all they were good for was work, during this economic crisis the economic conditions were harsh. During urban domesticity conditions children were less of an economic benefit and more of an economic burden. The families and the children that had to live threw this period did not see any economic or personal gain. Many children lost their families due to an insufficient economy poverty rates in. Families were forced to make irrational decision, giving up their children to go out and work at an early childhood. Children were used as cheap labor to earn their keep and received little to no pay. Children that were orphans were often used and treated worse than other children. With long and tough workdays that consisted of twelve to fourteen hours. Before labor laws were put into place countless accidents occurred. Many companies thought that using children were the best source of workers. Children were used as cheap labor to earn their keep. With their small bodies they were able to move around the chimneys and clean them well. The machines burned lots of fuel to operate which caused an increase of pollution. The soot was constantly in their clothes and hair and it was a way of living for them. Not knowing that they were breathing this soot would cause short and long term health problems in the future. Some short-term effects consist of irritation to the eyes, nose and throat, and upper respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Other symptoms can include headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions. Long-term health effects can contain chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys. They worked and slept in poor conditions. The children paid their way through work. Education at this time was secondary and working was traditional and customary. Some of the children’s’ parents were concerned about them growing up without getting a decent education. The Authors facts tell how the children were treated during the industrial revolution. Blake states that at a young age children were being sold out of their families and used as very cheap labor services. It was during a time of industrial management. All the kids had were their dreams of a better economy, so they could go play freely, like children should. All they had were their dreams of a better tomorrow as long as they keep the faith and believe. He also stated in the poem that they were kept shaved and was continuously covered in soot from head to toe. For the owners of these companies and others investing in the industry hiring children was a plus and helped them save money. By hiring children to work these machines cut production times in half with the newer technology. Some thought this was teaching children the importance of work. The Industrial Revolution also ushered in a golden age for America. This would be considered the golden age until to government became involved and put labor laws for children into place. These laws limited the amount of hours children of certain ages could work. Children ranging from ages nine- thirteen were only allowed to work eight hours a day. Fourteen threw eighteen could work no more than twelve hours a day. Children under nine were not allowed to work at all. Education started to become more important than working and regulations were also placed on it. Children were required to attend school for no less than two hours during the day. Not just the employers thought that hiring children were a good idea. Parents would also have their children working to help contribute to the well-being of the family. Many people did not see a difference in children working in these factories verses for many years children worked on family farms and in family cottage industries. Many people don’t see having their children working on family farms or doing chores around the house as child labor, but as in lesions that will last you for the rest of you life. Others also think that it will teach the child to value and appreciate working. Stew stated â€Å"Now that I have my own children, I realize that assigning household tasks to their children and enforcing completion was actually pretty hard for my parents. We often gave them grief about doing our chores, argued, complained quit early and tried all manner of ways to avoid our duties. I am certain that in most cases, it would have been easier for my parents to just do the job for us. Now, I am so thankful that my parents taught us to work. The ability to work is the  first step to financial freedom and independence. When I get together with my brothers and sisters we often compare notes about how kind our employers have been to us most of the time. Over the years, there have been few complaints about our work in terms of effort, faithfulness, diligence and perseverance. In today’s society child labor and laws still exist. Child labor is not mostly conducted in other countries instead of the United States unlike in the industrial revolution. The term commonly used is called sweat shops. Sweatshops are a working environment considered to be unacceptably difficult or dangerous - especially by developed countries with high standard s of living. In many third world countries child labor is an own going problem. Countries such as Africa, China, Philippines, India, and Pakistan still condone the use of child labor. Just like in the industrial revolution theses sweatshops were put into place to lower their costs and increase profits. The environments in these sweatshops are very harmful and dangerous. Major corporations such as Nike, Sean John, Tommy Hilfiger, Walt Disney Company, and The Gap have had allegations or charges brought against them for having sweatshops. Articles appear in The New York Times with title such as The Factories of Lost Children, No Winners in Child Labor, and Technology; Technology’s Toxic Trash Is Sent to poor Nations. With headlines like these shows that child labor is exist and is a problem. The child labor laws in the United States have countless statutes and rules regulating the employment of a minor. Any child that is under the age of 18 in a variety of occupations is affected by the law. In many states that average age that a child can enter the work field is sixteen. Anyone under the age of sixteen has to obtain a work permit. Anyone who is under the age of eighteen on school nights can not work after eleven o’clock. Some see it as entering your child in talent shows, beauty pageants, and even having them on reality T. V. as a form of child labor. To create a synopsis of the views of child labor is a difference in teaching your child or others children skills that may last them for a life verses using them for your personal gain or profit. The United States may say that after the industrial revolution child labor has decreased or doesn’t exist in our country. Furthermore, they are right. It has been disguised into other forms, and placed somewhere else were these laws are not present, and the economic gain is enormous for the company and the country. They and we have to look at the bigger picture it is morally wrong, the environment is unhealthy and dangerous, and we are robbing the child of its innocents and being able to enjoy childhood in general. References 1854, By. Industrial Revolution - History. com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts. History. com - History Made Every Day - American World History. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. . Bell, By The. Jon Kate Plus 8-Child Labor Laws? | Discussion Debate | Parents Connect. Parents Connect | Parenting Tips, Parent Advice Kids Recipes. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. Industrial Revolution. Welcome to Nettlesworth Primary School. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. . Stew, By. Sometimes a Little Child Labor Is Good for Kids. Gather Little by Little Personal Finance with a Christian Perspective. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. . Tonelson, By Alan. Sweatshop. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. . nytimes. com/2006/03/25/opinion/25weber. html? _r=2ref=third_world_and_developing_countries nytimes. com/2004/04/08/opinion/l-no-winners-in-child-labor-121240. html? ref=third_world_and_developing_countries

How to Study for Biology Exams

How to Study for Biology Exams Exams can seem intimidating and overwhelming for biology students. The key to overcoming these obstacles is preparation. By learning how to study for biology exams you can conquer your fears. Remember, the purpose of an exam is for you to demonstrate that you understand the concepts and information that have been taught. Below are some excellent tips to help you learn how to study for biology exams. Get Organized   An important key to success in biology is organization. Good time management skills will help you to become more organized and waste less time preparing to study. Items such as daily planners and semester calendars will help you to know what you need to do and when you need to have it done. Start Studying Early It is very important that you start preparing for biology exams well in advance. I know, I know, it is almost ​tradition for some to wait until the last minute, but students who implore this tactic dont perform their best, dont retain the information and get worn out. Review the Textbook and Lecture Notes   Be sure that you review your lecture notes before the exam. You should start reviewing your notes on a daily basis. This will ensure that you gradually learn the information over time and dont have to cram. Your biology textbook is a wonderful source for finding illustrations and diagrams that will help you visualize the concepts you are learning. Be sure to reread and review the appropriate chapters and information in your textbook. You will want to make sure that you understand all the key concepts and topics. Get Answers To Your Questions If you are having difficulty understanding a topic or have unanswered questions, discuss them with your teacher. You dont want to go into an exam with gaps in your knowledge. Get together with a friend or classmate and have a study session. Take turns asking and answering questions. Write your answers down in complete sentences to help you organize and express your thoughts. If your teacher holds a review session, be sure to attend. This will help to identify specific topics that will be covered, as well as fill in any gaps in knowledge. Help sessions are also an ideal place to get answers to your questions. Quiz Yourself   To help prepare yourself for the exam and find out how much you know, give yourself a quiz. You can do this by using prepared flash cards or taking a sample test. You can also use online biology games and quiz resources.  If your teacher holds a review session, be sure to attend. This will help to identify specific topics that will be covered, as well as fill in any gaps in knowledge. Help sessions are also an ideal place to get answers to your questions. Relax   Now that you have followed the previous steps, its time to rest and relax. You should be well prepared for your biology exam. Its a good idea to make sure you get plenty of sleep the night before your exam. You have nothing to worry about because you are well prepared. Take An AP Biology Course   Those who wish to gain credit for introductory college level biology courses should consider taking an Advanced Placement Biology course. Students enrolled in the AP Biology course must take the AP Biology exam to gain credit. Most colleges will give credit for entry-level biology courses for students who earn a score of 3 or better on the exam. Use Good Study Aids   Biology flash cards are excellent tools for studying and memorizing key biology terms and information. AP Biology Flash Cards are a wonderful resource, not only for those taking AP Biology but also for biology students in general. If taking the AP Biology exam, these Top Five AP Biology Books contain extremely useful information that is sure to help you score high on the AP Biology exam.

Practical Life Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Practical Life - Research Paper Example For example, coming up with a Montessori classroom and environment oriented to foster learning. Logically, human beings are gifted with the need to learn. Education acquired by an individual person cannot be advantageous to another person since an individual need to achieve it by him or herself. Children learn faster from their environment because they possess a higher sensitivity, compassion, and curiosity to learn. Montessori developed a program that uses specially designed materials, which are intended to instruct. For example, enough room in a large Montessori classroom where children will move freely and be at liberty to undertake a task they want. These are ages of growth for human beings due to a very high stimuli response they possess to the surrounding environment. Montessori approved that a child’s fast growth is between birth and the sixth birthday, a period which, the child has a fast rate response to skills that when made use of the child can master abilities like language. The child is capable of mentally modeling their brain in response to the environment. For example, during the sensitive period for requesting assignment, the child is interested in coming up with suggestions. These are the periods of a child development whereby a child is highly motivated and determined due to their high sensitivity to seek new encounters and learning opportunities in their surrounding environment. During this period, the child experiences an unconscious development and occurs within the first six years of age. The Montessori classroom was designed to seize this moment in a child’s development. The environment proposed by Montessori is rich and reflect the dominance of stimulating all the primary senses. For example, when it comes to remembering issues taught in class and performed them without understanding. They occur in a child-learning environment and they have a rapid torrent of concentration. Montessori ruled out that, the precision of

Future of education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Future of education - Essay Example Social structured learning tries to adjust new technologies in our old social structures which enable us to adapt them more rapidly. This is an era of smart phones and everybody is familiar with the term ‘app’ so with this concept of social structured learning we can incorporate future education techniques into this already established technology. To quote an example UCLA and USC’s app HyperCitites is a personification of this type of learning; suppose you’re roaming around town and you spot a building by pointing your phone at that building this app would show you its entire history i.e. who lived here before, when was it constructed, how it looked like a century ago and what the environment was like. This type of learning enables students to learn faster as they are already such types to apps to access information of their choice i.e. the nearest restaurants and theaters. The market for mobile education is growing at rapid rate and is currently worth $3.4 billion (GSMA, 2012). But despite this rage of adopting mobile education techniques the main trend in the future of education is the shifting roles of teachers and students. The main advancement will be from the teacher in classroom centric model to the world being the students’ class. Students will use the technology they are most equipped with and learn at their own pace hence, adapting to their strengths and weaknesses. The coming revolution in the world of education is the entire remaking of the teacher-student-classroom model. Instead of the conventional way in which the teacher stands at the front of the classroom and lectures the students, the teacher would keep an eye on the progress of students while assisting those students who need any further guidance on an ad-hoc basis. These way teachers would be able to give time to students who want to do something advanced while also having

Race And Ethnic Relations In Global Perspective Essay Example for Free

Race And Ethnic Relations In Global Perspective Essay When I did my research on Hmong people in unit six I found their history and culture to be very interesting, that is why I choose the conflict of the Hmong people and the Vietnam War to do this project on. Before getting into the exact conflict and the harm that the war caused many Hmong people I am going to write about the Hmong culture. http://www. historyguy. com/hmong_rebellion_in_laos. html#. UYxyE6JnG8g The Hmong are ethnically different from the Vietnamese, Cambodians and Lowland Lao. They lived in the mountains between Laos and Vietnam. They were considered less â€Å"civilized† than the other ethnic groups mentioned. They were considered to be Semi-Nomadic because they practiced the slash-and-burn as their way of getting food. Before the French came and made Indochina a Colony the Hmong were persecuted for their way of life, after that they were left alone and not bothered by the other groups. During the Indochina War (1946-1954) the Hmong people supported the French because they protected them. When the French pulled out they left the Hmong people to survive on their own, little did they know that this would not be the last time this would happen to them. In the early 1960’s JFK sent in the Special Forces (Green Berets) to South Vietnam. They landed right by the Hmong villages. Right after they landed, the American soldiers started to recruit the young men in the villages to help them fight the North Vietnamese. They agreed to do this not because they had love for the South Vietnamese, but because they thought that the United States would be a good replacement for protection since the French had left them with no protection. The United States also recruited young Hmong men who lived in Laos to form a â€Å"Secret Army†. The Hmong people were dedicated to help the United States in the war and would do whatever it took to have the United States protection from the communist North Vietnamese. Little did they know but that protection wouldn’t be there for long and they would be left to face the enemy on their own. Before the United States recruited the men of Hmong, they were a neutral party in Vietnam. In 1973 the United States soldiers were ordered to pull out of the Vietnam War and left the Hmong with no protection. When the communist won the war in 1975 they ordered the Hmong people, women and children include, to come down from the mountains. They wanted to be able to monitor what the Hmong’s were doing. I guess they probably did this to make sure that they were no longer a threat to them. Most of the Hmong people refused to come down from the hills. When the Hmong refused to come down the communist started dropping Soviet supplied toxic agents on the villages from the air, this was called â€Å"Yellow Rain†. The yellow rain wiped out whole villages including men, women and children. In 1975 the Hmong people fled to refugee camps in Thailand to escape the horror and torture that they would have to suffer from the Lao Communist Government. In late 1975 they began arriving to the United States from the refugee camps. In the early 1990’s the refugee camps were forced to close and the people who had not fled to the United States were forced to go to non-un camps. Many of them tried to become Thai citizens but that entailed getting large sums of money from relatives. Most of those refugees could not obtain citizenship because their relatives did not even have enough money to take care of their direct families. In 2006 the Thai government made the remaining Hmong people relocate to a more isolated area in Thailand, many of them are deprived access to join their families in the United States. They are basically left to fend for themselves and fear for their lives every day. If they would never have been asked to join the United States in the fight in Vietnam, they would still be living like they always did before. They were not an enemy to anyone until they trusted the United States and later that trust was broken. The Hmong people who now live in the United States have what we would call a better life. In my opinion if we would have never disturbed them and their lives during the war they would have never known a different way of life. They would probably be happy just the way they were, with no enemies to mess with them and have never have lost most of their people in the war. It is our fault that they ever had this conflict.

An Awareness through Chaos :: Free Essays Online

An Awareness through Chaos Through careful observation the past can be drawn into proper perspective when compared to the present. By looking back at a series of events that I experienced, I see them in a complete different light than when I actually experienced them. Visions are much clearer when you are able to take a step back to view the entire picture. That is what I am now doing in my life. My education has been my main way of life for the last 14 years or so. Even though we are constantly learning and will for our lifetimes, our childhood education has a big impact on our development into mature beings. Each segment of our education process; elementary school, junior high, etc., is built on each other, building progressive knowledge, helping us forge our way into an abyss of desired wisdom. Throughout those years as I experienced my education, my vision of its purpose and meaning was distorted. I viewed the entire process of learning as one required of us by the government and our parents. I never cared to know the real reasoning. I never saw the importance of knowledge, nor the significance of the preparation for life to come in the "real world". I can remember a day in 8th grade mathematics, when my teacher paused for a brief moment during his sweatening lecture. He turned to the class and posed for us this question, "Why are we here? " Everyone immediately looked at each other, puzzled, not sure what he was asking. He elaborated, " Why are we learning mathematics? " Glancing around the room again, we finally replied, "We have no idea". We all laughed and the teacher turned back to the chalkboard. There, was an example of how as young students we never realized the importance of mathematics, nor any of our other classes. Where did our meaning of education lie? Yet among the clouds of ignorance during my high school days, there was a time that a powerful beacon shown on my life and illuminated the meaning of my education. This sudden awareness occurred when I switched schools from junior to senior high school. Before the beginning of tenth grade my family lived on Long Island. My father was layed off from his job, and we were forced to move in with my Grandmother in upstate New York due to financial circumstances.

Cheaper by the Dozen Play Review Essay

I read the play, Cheaper by the Dozen, written by Christopher Sergel. I chose to read this play because when I was younger I liked the movie cheaper by the dozen, so I figured this would be a good play to read. The basic theme of this play is family, family comes first and you have to do everything you can to keep your family together, no matter how chaotic it may be. This play is about the Mr. and Mrs. Gilberth, and their 12 children. The main conflict in the story was maintaining order with all 12 children. Mr. Gilberth was very efficient with his parenting though, and always had a solution. The story was easy to understand and follow, it was clear and wasn’t confusing. For the most part the play was entertaining, mainly all of the family drama, and how they lived. Mr. Gilberth was one of the main characters in the play; he was the one who kept the family in order. He was a famous efficiency expert, and ran his family that way. Often times Mr. Gilberth would call the kids down to family meetings by blowing his whistle, all of the children had to stop what they were doing, and immediately report downstairs. I really liked Mrs. Gilberth, she tried to keep her husband, Mr. Gilberth in check, and is more reasonable when it comes to the children, she was very kind and gentle with the kids. I think the most important character relationships would be between Mr. Gilberth and his children, because he was the one who made the rules in the house, and disciplined the children. If I were to act in this play, I would want to be Lillian, she would be fun to play because she has a very childish personality, and is obsessed with boys. In the beginning of the script, I found it really boring, and didn’t want to finish reading it, but once I got farther into the script, the relationships between the family were shown, and it became more interesting. Overall I liked the script, it wasn’t my favorite thing I’ve read, but it was still entertaining. I would rather see this play than act in it, because I would want to see the story come to life, along with all of the characters. I think it could be a very funny play to see, and the story will seem more interesting.

At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support Essay

There has been a long debate about whether sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries. Some people claim that classes and libraries are more crucial and deserve more financial support because hiring qualified teaching staff and updating research sources in libraries needs a lot of money. Others hold the opposite opinion. Nevertheless, the purpose of school education is not only providing opportunities to acquire knowledge but also cultivating different kind of skills and interests which may also play an important role in students’ later life. Therefore, personally I support that social activities and sports are as crucial as classes and libraries which should get equal support from school for the following reasons. To begin with, attending the sport and social activities provide students more chances to have a rest after a long time of study which may help them combine exertion and adequate rest. In my school, there are enough sports fields and basketball courts for students taking a lot of exercise such as playing football, basketball, tennis and running. In addition, we also have a large swimming pool which allows students to practice swimming skills and prepare for national swimming competition. After studying for a long period of time in class or in the library, we would also go there to have a rest which may makes us feel relaxed and refreshed. There is no doubt that doing sports could benefit our physical health. What’s more, scientific researches also prove that sports can also enhance the efficiency of our study. One research done by the National Health Institute, says that people who do sports or exercise at least 30 minutes a day tend to work more efficiently and make less mistakes. Moreover, participating sports and social activities can promote the development of different skills, such as communication skills, arrangement skills and the spirit of teamwork. When playing basketball, team members have to work together to fight against the adversaries and they need to share both happiness of victories and sorrows of failure. Or when two members have different opinion, it is necessary for them to discuss and reach to an agreement which may serve the whole team’s purpose best. This is perhaps one of the perfect ways to arouse the awareness of teamwork. Besides, when taking in social activities, it is inevitable that they will meet different kinds of problems which require them to try their best to resolve through efficient communication with others. In this way, they will realize the importance of connecting with others which will bring a lot of benefit when they face the real world. Finally, as our society is in need of all-round development talents, colleges and universities are supposed to cultivate their students who are adaptable to the development of the society. The support of the sports and social activities provides students many opportunities to apply what they have learnt into practice and then have a better command of knowledge. For example, an education major student can make use of the home school visiting activity to observe how the classes are taught and how educational policies are implemented in schools. On this condition, students may develop an all-round way. All in all, it is necessary to pay equal attention to classes and libraries as well as sports and social activities. It is not only beneficial to students’ physical and psychological health but also to their future development as well.

Understanding Citizen Journalism

Understanding Citizen Journalism Citizen journalism involves private individuals, who are normally the consumers of journalism, generating their own news content. Citizens collect, report, analyze, and disseminate news and information, just as professional journalists would, creating what is known as user-generated content. These amateur journalists produce news in many forms, ranging from a podcast editorial to a report about a city council meeting on a blog, and is usually digital in nature. It can also include text, pictures, audio, and video. Social media plays a major role in disseminating news and promoting citizen journalism content. Since the general public has 24/7 access to technology, citizens are often the first on-scene for breaking news, getting these stories out more quickly than traditional media reporters. However, unlike professional journalists, citizen journalists may not have conducted the same background research and source verification, which can make these leads less reliable. Collaborations vs. Independent Reporting Citizens are able to contribute content, in one form or another, to existing professional news sites. This collaboration can be seen through readers posting their comments alongside stories written by professional reporters, like a 21st-century version of a letter to the editor. To prevent obscene or objectionable messages, many websites require readers to register in order to post. Readers are also adding their information to articles written by professional journalists. For instance, a reporter may do an article about disparities in gas prices around town. When the story appears online, readers can post information about gas prices in areas not covered in the original story and even offer tips on where to buy cheaper gas. This collaboration allows both citizen and professional journalists to craft a story together. Reporters might even ask readers with expertise in particular areas to send them information on that topic or even do some of their own reporting. That information is then incorporated into the final story. Some amateur journalists operate fully independent of traditional, professional news outlets. This can include blogs in which individuals can report on events in their communities or offer commentary on the issues of the day, YouTube channels where citizens give their own news reports and commentaries, and even unofficial print publications. Revolutionizing News Citizen journalism was once hailed as a revolution that would make news-gathering a more democratic process - one that would no longer solely be the province of professional reporters. It has had a significant impact on todays news, with many believing that citizen journalism is a threat to professional and traditional journalism. Social media has played a vital role in revolutionizing news. Many citizens are the first to report on breaking stories, with eye-witness videos, first-hand accounts, and real-time information, all using social media. Even news outlets will share breaking stories on social media before traditional means, but they have to still follow up with larger stories quickly or risk being outdated with their material in this fast-paced news environment. Social media doesnt just play a role in disseminating citizen-generated news; it also stands as a source for professional journalists to identify the stories they need to cover. A 2016 study by Cision indicated that more than 50% of professional journalists used social media to find and build stories. Despite its vast impact on our daily news, citizen journalism is not without its flaws. The biggest concern is the reliability of news, including fact-checking and the risk of incorrect information being disseminated.

1957 and Soil

The students study a range of soil characteristics and seek to understand their relationship to soil function, land use, plant growth, environmental quality, and society/culture. This course introduces students to the variety and complexity of soils on a local, national, and international scale. This introductory course in soil science introduces the student to the study, management, and conservation of soils as natural bodies, as media for plant growth, and as components of the larger ecosystem. This course presents basic concepts of all aspects of soil science including: composition and genesis; physical, chemical, and biological properties; soil water; classification and mapping; soil conservation; management practices; and soil fertility and productivity including practices of soil testing, use of fertilizers and manures, and liming. The course introduces the relationships of soil to current concerns such as environmental quality and non-agricultural land use. This course should instill awareness of soil as a basic natural resource, the use or abuse of which has a considerable influence on human society and life in general. This course is required or on a list from which students select for many environmental and agriculturalrelated majors. It is specifically listed as a prerequisite for many other SOILS courses and for several soils-related courses taught at Penn State. This course also satisfies the requirement for 3-credits in the natural sciences (GN), for non-science maojors or any student interested in soils, ecology, or the environment. Course Objectives: At the end of this course, students should be able to: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Appreciate the variety and complexity of soils. Describe the ways in which soils are an integral component of the terrestrial ecosystem. Use the technical terminology associated with the description and use of soils. Identify soil properties important to land use, environmental quality, plant growth and society/culture. Demonstrate skills required to make field observations and interpretations of soils for various uses. Retrieve and use information from a variety of sources for land use planning and soil management decisions. Explain the impact of land use and management decisions on agricultural productivity and sustainability, environmental and ecological health, and land degradation. Understand how soils can affect everyday decisions like how to develop a garden or where to build a house. – page 2 – Instructor: Dr. Mike Fidanza 234 Luerssen Office: 610-396-6330 Cell: 484-888-6714 E-mail: fidanza@psu. edu Office Hours: Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 9:00 am – 9:50 am, and 11:00 am – 11:50 am; or, by appointment (call or e-mail to schedule an appointment) Class Lecture: Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 125 Luerssen Building, 10:00 am – 10:50 am. Required Textbook: Brady, N. C. and R. R. Weil. Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. 3rd edition*. Pearson/Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. *or earlier editions are acceptable Grading: 4 exams †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 300 points †¢ lowest exam score dropped †¢ 3 exams X 100 points per exam = 300 points total 15 quizzes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 150 points †¢ 15 quizzes X 10 points per quiz = 150 points total Soils Writing Assignment . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 50 points †¢ Fertilizer Worksheet —————————————————————————————— ——–Total †¦.. 500 points Final Grade will be based on the following scale: Points Grade Points Grade ? 465 A 385 – 399 C+ 450 – 464 A350 – 384 C 435 – 449 B+ 300 – 349 D 415 – 434 B ? 299 F 400 – 414 B- Exams: Exam format is typically multiple choice, true/false, and matching. Exact content and format of each exam will be discussed in class by the instructor. The lowest exam score of the four exams will be dropped, therefore, only the top three exam scores will count towards the final course grade. Quizzes: Quiz format is typically multiple choice, true/false, and/or matching delivered online through the ANGEL course website. Exact content and format of each quiz will be discussed in class by the instructor and/or information will be available on the ANGEL course website. Soils Writing Assignment: To be explained in class. – page 3 Class Attendance and Etiquette: Attendance is highly recommended since some lecture information will not be found in the text, and handouts and other supplemental material will be available only on the day on which they are presented in class. Class attendance and participation may be considered toward your final grade. Attendance will be recorded on a random basis, however daily attendance may be recorded if absenteeism or lateness is a problem. Appropriate and respectful behavior is always expected. Also, please silence cell phones during class time. Academic Integrity: Students are expected to be familiar with the University Rules and Policies regarding academic integrity. Refer to the Penn State Berks Campus Student Handbook, or locate the document on Penn State’s website, which can be accessed through any computer terminal connected to the PSU Center for Academic Computing. Academic integrity is defined as the pursuit of scholarly activity free from fraud and deception. Academic dishonesty includes, but is not limited to: cheating, failure to protect your work from others (or facilitating acts of academic dishonesty by others), plagiarism, fabrication of information or citations, unauthorized prior possession of examinations, submitting the work of another person or work previously used without informing the instructor, or tampering with the academic work of others. A student charged with academic dishonesty will be given oral and written notice of the charge by the instructor. If the student feels that they have been falsely accused, they should seek redress through informal discussions with the instructor (first), division or department head, dean, or CEO. If the instructor believes the infraction to be sufficiently serious to warrant referral of the case to the Office of Conduct Standards, or result in a grade of â€Å"F† for the student for the course, the student and faculty instructor will be afforded formal due process procedures outlined in the University Rules and Policies mentioned above. Academic dishonesty will be dealt with strictly and in accordance with Pennsylvania State University policy. Disclaimer: The class schedule, policies, statements, and assignments in this course are subject to change in the event of extenuating circumstances or by mutual agreement between the instructor and the students. **** Weather Emergency: Call 610-396-6375 for up-to-date Berks Campus information. **** – page 4 – Date: Jan Jan Jan 7 9 11 M W F Topic: Introduction and course administration Introduction to soil science Introduction to soil science (continued) Textbook Chapter: 1 1 1 Jan Jan Jan 14 16 18 M W F Soil formation Soil formation Soil formation 2 2 2 Jan Jan Jan 21 23 25 M W F NO CLASS – Martin Luther King Day Soil classification Soil classification –3 3 Jan Jan Feb 28 30 1 M W F Soil classification Exam #1, chapters 1, 2, 3 Soil physical properties 3 –4 Feb Feb Feb 4 6 8 M W F Soil physical properties Soil physical properties Soil physical properties 4 4 4 Feb Feb Feb 11 13 15 M W F Soil water Soil water Soil and the hydrologic cycle 5 5 6 Feb Feb Feb 8 20 22 M W F Soil and the hydrologic cycle Soil aeration and temperature Soil aeration and temperature 6 7 7 Feb Feb Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar 25 27 1 411 13 15 M Clays and soil chemistry W Exam #2, chapters 4, 5, 6, 7 F Clays and soil chemistry 8 NO CLASS – Spring Break M Clays and soil chemistry W Soil acidity and other properties F Soil acidity and other properties 8 –8 Mar Mar Mar 18 20 22 M W F Soil biology and ecology Soil biology and ecology Soil biology and ecology 10 10 10 Mar Mar Mar 25 27 29 M W F Soil organic matter Soil organic matter Soil organic matter 11 11 11 Apr Apr Apr 1 3 5 M W F Soil fertility Exam #3, chapters 8, 9, 10, 11. Soil fertility 12 –12 Apr Apr Apr 8 10 12 M W F Nutrients management and fertilizers Nutrient management and fertilizers Nutrient management and fertilizers 13 13 13 Apr Apr Apr 15 17 19 M W F Soil erosion Soil erosion Soil erosion 14 14 14 Apr Apr Apr 22 24 26 M W F Soil and chemical pollution Soil and chemical pollution Soil and chemical pollution 15 15 15 8 9 9 ************ April 29 – May 3: Final Exam Week (Exam #4, chapters 12, 13, 14, 15). ************

An effective business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

An effective business plan - Essay Example In order to attract a wide variety of customers, it is vital to have an image of the cars that are to be hired. In this fast globalising environment, the cars that need hiring are personal that are capable of running for many miles. These include personal cars that can accommodate a fairly large amount of individuals. Nowadays, individuals are keen on having the fun day out while visiting different areas. Having a car hire service that can address these needs is fundamental in the business’s growth. It is vital to understand their needs so as to have the right car to provide the customer (Barringer 2008).The sort of cars  Many young couples are interested in cars that are out for their interests. This means that; they want cars that are trendy and lavish to match the new lifestyle (Barringer 2008). The common vehicle models from popular vehicle industries are the right cars for the job. This is if they want cars for pleasure. In the event they need cars that are for business , there are also a variety of them around to fulfil this desire. The price of hiring these cars might range depending on the make and model of the car.The different assortment of cars may offer customers a variety to choose from, and their availability may make the business a top choice among clients. Everyone, in this day and age, wants to be affiliated with a posh lifestyle. To address this desire, cars that are cheap, but look desirable and lavish, are likely to be present. (Barringer 2008).... Having a car hire service that can address these needs is fundamental in the business’s growth. It is vital to understand their needs so as to have the right car to provide the customer (Barringer 2008). The sort of cars Many young couples are interested in cars that are out for their interests. This means that; they want cars that are trendy and lavish to match the new lifestyle (Barringer 2008). The common vehicle models from popular vehicle industries are the right cars for the job. This is if they want cars for pleasure. In the event they need cars that are for business, there are also a variety of them around to fulfil this desire. The price of hiring these cars might range depending on the make and model of the car. The different assortment of cars may offer customers a variety to choose from, and their availability may make the business a top choice among clients. Everyone, in this day and age, wants to be affiliated with a posh lifestyle. To address this desire, cars t hat are cheap, but look desirable and lavish, are likely to be present. They all serve the same purpose, and the customer ends up feeling gratified with the selection they have made. Toyota’s Premio is an example that might serve this purpose. However, having a variety of the Toyota product is an exceptional idea, especially for customers who want bigger cars for their activities (Barringer 2008). The rates to be charged The rates of hiring the cars are likely to range. This is because not all the cars are the same. The power most of the cars exhibit may set these cars and the rates apart from each other. The rates at which the Mercedes and Toyota models in the business go for cannot be the same. The presence of these varieties of cars presents the clients and customers with

Hobbes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hobbes - Essay Example Thus, in his book, Morgan had tried to trace moral and political philosophy within realm of science and its numerous branches. He had also tried to establish civic peace as a way to direct mankind to fulfill their individual civic duties. To delineate these, Morgan has illustrated lifestyles and works of some of the greatest philosophers, sociologists, mathematics and scientists like- Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, etc. Through some selective excerpts of their works, Morgan has tried to establish his goal. Moreover, he has also attempted to motivate citizens in performing their civic duties by analyzing the aspects which makes thought and action of one individual different from another. Once goodness of soul is achieved, citizens will be able to establish civic peace in their societies (Matthews,. 4-27). History Philosophy and science were interrelated from the very beginning, so much so that philosophical ideas developed during seventeenth century has played a huge role in development of science and technology of modern times (Matthews,.1). It was during the beginning of seventeenth century that contradictory views of Plato and Aristotle were noticed by the modern world. At that time, philosophies theories and ideas were re-modeled due to two important contemporary movements- the European Renaissance and Scientific Revolution, with the latter supporting medieval thinking patterns of Plato. However, aspects of Aristotle’s views had more to offer regarding â€Å"empiricism, essentialism, naturalism and teleology† (Matthews, 5). Added to these, Aristotle’s thinking had directly influenced thinking of some of the greatest geniuses like Galileo, Newton, etc. who in turn contributed a lot to modern philosophy. The fact that science and philosophy are interrelated is proved again and again. For instance, the proposition that the stars do not twinkle because they are near or because the stars are so near that they do not twinkle. When there is no con version of the middle term with more relative non- explanatory term, or at times when the middle term is present outside, the proposition is proved by logic but the reason remains unexplained (Matthews, 31-32). Solution to this unexplained reason can be traced with help of different branches of science, like- optics can be related to geometry, mechanics to solid geometry, harmonics can be related to arithmetic and watching stars and comets could be linked to astronomy. This is what Morgan had tried to establish in his book. Putting moral and political philosophy on a scientific basis Appropriate upbringing is required for making good citizens. For this reason, people must learn to abstain from pleasure and pain generated by every single action. The same hypothesis is supported by medical treatments- the corrective treatments to be more precise. Thus, science has its own remedies for pleasures and pains as consequence of any action generated by excess of virtues. Virtue is a part of moral philosophy which pursues people to avoid anything that is wrong. The difficulty to fight pleasure makes both craft and virtue more challenging. This theory holds true for political science also (Morgan, 267). ‘Knowledge’ exists in two forms, namely of â€Å"fact† and of â€Å"consequence of one affirmation to another†. While the former one relies on individual’s sense and memory, the latter strictly relies on science. Philosophy and logic differs from science in the

Critically discuss the view that anti-globalisation arguments Essay - 8

Critically discuss the view that anti-globalisation arguments seriously undervalue the benefits that globalisation has delivered for all countries 02084 - Essay Example This stimulates an even platform for all countries in their endeavours to import or export products to or from other countries. The policy allows sharing of trade and imports or exports without extra cost, i.e., there is reduced cost in terms of trading items between countries (George & Wilding 2002). This policy of globalization enhances relationship and understanding amongst countries globally. In addition, it has created an opportunity for the formation of formal and informal international institution such as World Bank, International Monetary Fund, etc. These have played a significant role in ensuring that there is equitable distribution of resources across the world. Therefore, developed countries are now taken into consideration in the global platform. This has played reduced poverty levels in the world and improved the employment rates. A very good example is the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the European Union. These two represent good examples of free trade and the p ath towards globalization. Currently, the world has experienced a lot of transformation as a result of globalization. The communication infrastructure has improved tremendously. Some of the remarkable changes in communication sector are the entry of internet and social media in the world. In addition, there is a great development of telecommunication sector in the world. People are now able to communicate with others who are located in different parts of the world. This factor has had a great transformation in the business sector. Entry of internet in the world has open up a platform for business to interact and market its products at very low costs (Germain 2000). The businesses are now able to get feedback from their clients an aspect that is enabling them to produce goods with features that are demanded in the market. This has played a crucial role in reducing loses that were incurred due to changes in consumption behaviours.

Discuss the Motivation for International Strategic Alliances

Discuss the Motivation for International Strategic Alliances Discuss the motivation for international strategic alliances ABSTRACT: To establish traditional international business in the market, businessmen do apply different strategies and one of the most common and emerging strategies that are being used now is the international strategic alliance. To study the ‘motivation of international strategic alliance, it has been made to systematically define the term ‘motive. This paper argues those studies of motivation of international strategic alliance, their advantages and disadvantages and how they are becoming beneficial in the global market place. This paper is an initial step to understand the definition of motivation in terms of the international strategic alliance by using the firms that have used this strategy. INTRODUCTION: An alliance can be defined as a business to business collaboration. In an alliance two or more companies agree to work together to achieve a common goal while not losing their individuality. Strategic alliance helps the both parties to gain the complementary strengths. Companies form alliances for joint marketing, joint sales or distribution, joint production, design collaboration, technology licensing and research and development. Strategic alliances have different forms, Contractual (non-equity- based) alliances (Alliances which are based on contracts and which do not involve the sharing of equity), Equity-based alliances (Strategic alliances which involves the use of equity), Cross-shareholding (Both partners invest in each other). ( Peng Mike W. Global Strategic Management, Second Edition, page 219) One form of Equity-based strategic alliances is the joint venture. The formation of the alliance is rich and fragmented. One of the main reasons behind the collaboration is to gain the competitive advantages. According to Williamson â€Å"Intermediate asset specificity and low uncertainty are conditions that may lead to a preference for hybrid forms of governance structure over both arms length transactions and internalization† (Williamson, 1991). Increasing the strategic alliances is one of the fastest trends in the business today and it is becoming an essential driver to grow for every industry. One of the main goals to form a relationship with other companies is strategic alliance where they combine the skills and expertise of the both companies and gain the cooperative venture. Then they enter the international market and share their costs. MOTIVATION for STRATEGIC ALLIANCES in the INTERNATIONAL MARKET PLACE The growing international marketing is becoming the norm in this time and these partnerships are leveraging the growth through alliances with international partners, where the both companies merge and gain the competitive advantage. They do it by licensing agreements, cross shareholder deals, cooperative arrangement and joint ventures. Rather than taking risks and wasting their time and investing a huge amount on of money for gaining this competitive advantage in business, they are entering the international markets by finding an appropriate alliance which is operating in the same market in another country. So they enter the market that they desire to enter and the main reason behind this is to share the knowledge, skills and expertise and also to gain the marketing advantage in the world. And its becoming another strategy to defeat the monopoly business in the global business within fraction of time, for example collaboration of Sony and Ericson. In the view of traditional industry, firms are independent and emphasize on maximizing their own performance. As competition in the market shrinks the profits of firms, they do not rival always against one another. For instance, in 1983 Toyota and GM establish a horizontal alliance on a limited basis to accomplish different targets of manufacturing small cars in the US. The intention of Toyota was to gain knowledge of running business in the American market. On the other hand, Gms objective was to learn manufacturing small cars profitably. Sometimes high entry barriers discourage individual companies. In that circumstance companies can build strategic alliances and networks to level this fence. Firms convert the relationship with suppliers to a mutual assistance and knowledge sharing, previously which was based on hard-bargaining. This liaison is known as upstream vertical alliance. In this case companies do not consider suppliers as threats. In the same way, now, downstream vertical alliances can bind the central firms, buyers and distributors together rather than treating them as possible threats. The market potential pushes the firms on alternative products to establish strategic alliance and networks to materialize the commercial prospective of new products. According to Resource-based consideration firms can get benefited from the alliance through value creation. â€Å"First, alliances may reduce costs, risks and uncertainties. Second, Alliances allow firms to tap complementary assets of partners. Third, alliances facilitate opportunities to learn from partners. Finally, â€Å"real option† an option is the right, but not obligation, to take some action in the future.† Real option gives the opportunity to the firms when they are not sure whether they will do acquisition or merge. The companies just need to pay a tiny portion of their assets (known as deposit). Through this temporary alliance they will judge its future profitability. If they are not satisfied, they can easily leave. There is no obligation to go on with this alliance or take further actions. Institutional based consideration includes two categories Formal Institutional based consideration and Informal Institutional based consideration. According to Peng â€Å"Strategic alliances and networks function within formal regulatory and legal frameworks.† In some countries, Governments impose restriction on Whole Owned Subsidiaries. In that circumstance international firms have only one option, which is, to make an alliance with a local firm in order to enter that market. Peng says â€Å"Informal institutions centre on collective norms supported by a normative and cognitive pillar.† When a firm decides to move on its own, it faces pressures and criticisms from peer, analysts, investors, and the media. In that situation firms make collaboration with other firms to enhance or protect its image in the market place. The firms do choose the target market they want to enter. After choosing the target market they come up with a strategic plan which will suit in the international market. They use all resources of both companies to exploit the existing resources and explore the new opportunities; the main concern for this exploitation is to increase the productivity and efficiency using the current employed capital and assets thought standards. When the both companies are big in size their integration level is also high which, vise versa, makes the higher level the degree of control. The difference between the integration and degree of control is making motivation for forming this strategic alliance. The ADVANTAGES of STRATEGIC ALLIANCE Many start-up companies do focus on emerging into the market and gaining a competitive advantage in the international market to beat the monopoly business around the world for the same products and nowadays it is becoming the most useful strategy to gain this competitive advantage. By which a firm can enter the target market faster and with less risk on the investment. Businesses use strategic alliances to: scope and speed the business process achieve advantages of scale in international market increase market penetration among other companies increase the competitiveness in domestic and global markets enhance product development by sharing the skills, knowledge, technology develop new business opportunities through new products and services and make it more competitive in the world market expand market development fast increase exports diversify create new businesses gain completive advantage in cost diversification into new markets improve cash flow Ability to move quickly The motivation of forming the international strategy varies from one country to another country. The main focuses of the join venture of the companies are to represent the companies in the various countries. But as the days passed the definition has changed because of the activities which became more prevalent. Because the international market the alliance can impart to the company in a relative advantage in size or by the size which makes the process to go faster or in other words it provides compliments to the areas which they are lacking. The motive behind increasing the international strategic alliance is not only gaining profit. The other factor which motive them are the competition among the competitors the fast changing market place industry convergence For an example an alliance between Sony (which is Japanese company, it was an electronic consumer company) Ericson (a Swedish telecommunication company) both giant companies planned to get an advantage in production and development which will prove their marketing skills. So once the joint venture is done with a legal manner it is similar in nature to a partial acquisition in consideration for shares. Because this combination has created the transaction, combining the relative advantages of both parties and ties their future together. They stopped making their own phones. They started to share their expertise and they have a research development teams in United States, Sweden, China, Japan, India, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The both companies were profitable on the first year but they had to face huge loss because of lack of investment and strategic plan. Once they have injected the money into their joint venture and came up with new idea which was to launch the built-in-digit al camera and with high features they started to enter to the market back but it still were a huge loses for them. So having the same strategic plan this joint venture did not work. They were struggling for the first three years. But walkman phones made them successful and made the 4th position in the world again. So here it proves that the giant companies do merge to gain competitive advantage but it is not always threat to the other companies which are already leading. It totally depends on the strategy they follow and implement. The DISADVANTAGES of STRATEGIC ALLAINCE Alliances are risky in term of cost, the reason is not due to cash being involved with another company and its not being in the companys hands, but it is due to returns from which they will get. First of all the company is to go throw the join venture which involves the investment. When a proper set of contracts, various transfer prices and incentive schemes from the partners to the joint alliance resolve most conflicts, most of the joint venture manages to entirely avoid conflicts between its respective parties. Managing the managerial position of both companies and resolving the possible conflict from the both parties due to the location and other factors of international market, Financial blocking is one of the major disadvantages in the international strategic alliance. Because most of the companies do not want to disclose their financing operations. For example, an alliance with SonyEricsson in the area of cellular communications could reduce the likelihood of contracts with Nokia, thereby putting the company at risk that if Ericsson is weakened, so will be all the companies that depend upon it. Alliance between competitors can be risky. Firms can access to the information, technology, business strategy, and database of each other. Therefore they acquire the knowledge of another company. One firm can plan to excel other firm by achieving the knowledge and skills of other firms business tricks. And then it can drop the other firm and may use the strategy against this firm. Strategic partners are often led by the company which is stronger in the international market. But they should come up with something unique by merging the both companies rather than starting from a start-up. But this strategy dose actually work with the every company depending on the market and company, like SonyEricsson came up with mobile when they merge but it was a huge loss in the market . They started losing their shares rather then gaining it. And it affected the job market. So they later on came up with cyber shoot which was the turning point of their company and also the walking walkman, which was different product then they used to launch. Because their main focus was to make competitive cell phone. But by the cyber shoot they have entered the market and now they are one of the giant companies with 4th position rank in the world. Sharing profits is another disadvantage. The revenue is being divided and goes to different country which does not help the country to boom up. But it dose have a great impact on it The decision is to be made by the both parties so there are always barriers for future financing opportunities. The distraction is the main disadvantage. The top level management is to take decision on behave of the both countries so they are to keep all the time in mind thinking about their own country when ever they are making decision. The both parties do not think alike because of the distraction that they are around by the competitors. As two or more companies are joint in this alliance, the decision is to be taken jointly so there is always a headache from the other partner. Because of the way they want take the company may not agree. To keep this mutual decision, the companies are to go through all this unexpected disappointments. Conclusion: The strategic alliance is one of the most implemented strategies in the global competitive market. And it is one of the mostly common used strategies which have an effect in the market to boom up the economy of a country. It has created the bond between the geographical territories. Where they can share their competitive advantages and bring out new polices and products for the consumers and increase the job market in this world. The advantages for this alliance is more then the disadvantages. So people are coming up of new policies where they can hide the disadvantages compared to the advantage. According to Pekar and Margulis â€Å"The fundamental purpose of an alliance is to facilitate collaboration and varying degrees of integration between companies without necessitating a merger or an acquisition, though it can often lead to a merger or acquisition. Bibliography Hill, Charles (2005), â€Å"International Business Competing in the Global Marketplace† Peng Mike W. â€Å"Global Strategic Management†, Second Edition, (page 216-240) http://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/jomstd/v33y1996i3p301-332.html http://www.smallbusinessnotes.com/operating/leadership/strategicalliances.html http://www.corporate-partnering.com/info/strategic-alliances-advantages-and-disadvantages.htm http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=ArticlehdAction=lnkhtmlcontentId=1515040 www.faqs.org/abstracts/Business-general/Strategic-motives-for-international-alliance-formation-The-limits-of-employee-involvement-profit-sha.html http://www.lotsofessays.com/essay_search/Conclusion_Strategic.html http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6VGK-4MBBYN6-1_user=10_rdoc=1_fmt=_orig=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_searchStrId=1123950549_rerunOrigin=google_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=52af2b0a1c7e40ab036d752257b46fc1 http://www.smallbusinessnotes.com/operating/leadership/strategicalliances.html illiamson, O.E. 1991. Strategizing, economizing, and economic organization. Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue, 12: 75-94 Peng Mike WGlobal Strategic Management, Second Edition, page 213 Peng Mike W Global Strategic Management, Second Edition, page 227 Pekar Peter Jr. and. Margulis Marc S, Equity alliances take center stage: The emergence of a new corporate growth model, IVEY MANAGEMENT SERVICES †¢ May/June 2003